Participating in formal debates is a great way to develop and practice new skills. While debating is certainly not every one's cup of tea, attending debates or joining a college debating society will likely prove educational and entertaining.
Popular Debate Frameworks
Regardless of the issue being debated, rules are necessary and may be put into place through having a framework. In The Everything Public Speaking Book, Smith (2008) highlights the most popular forms of debate frameworks, to include the following:
- parliamentary
- standard
- policy
- Lincoln-Douglas
- political campaigns
What are Parliamentary, Standard and Policy Debates?
The parliamentary debate framework relates to the party in government, with arguments for and against a specific proposition. This may be seen through watching the House of Commons in session, with heckling common and a more theatrical style than the standard debate. In contrast, standard debates consist of two teams of two, one team for the motion and the other against. This style of debate is typically used within school settings, as it is easier for those new to debating to work as a team.
Another type of debate framework, known as policy or cross-examination, also uses two teams of two, but is much more concerned with the presentation of well-researched evidence. Once the speaker has stated his or her case, the opposite team member is questioned.
Lincoln-Douglas Debate Framework and Policy Campaigns
The Lincoln-Douglas framework for debating gets its name from the 1858 Illinois Senate campaign, where Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas famously debated. Unlike standard debates, this framework involves single speakers debating ethical issues and relies heavily on logic. In contrast to other approaches to debating, Smith (2008) identifies political campaigns as being more flexible with no proposition, including a short opening statement be each side, primary arguments, rebuttals, questioning and a short closing statement.
Debating Tips – How to Win a Debate
The best way to win a debate is to provide a logical and evidence-based, well-researched argument, speaking clearly and confidently. Further key ways in which you can improve your chances of winning a debate, as suggested by Smith (2008), include as follows:
- avoid acting arrogantly – comes across as close-minded, may underestimate opponent
- know your enemy – try to find out strengths/weaknesses
- over-research important facts – get the most relevant information
- listen carefully – take notes
- write key points down on memo cards
- improve your memory – practice, rehearse with others
- keep your cool and speak clearly
- make your presentation memorable – analogies, humour, colourful phrases
As highlighted above, commonly used debate frameworks involve parliamentary, standard and policy approaches. Key tips to help win a debate, include undertaking good research, using memorable phrases and knowing your enemy.
Source:
Smith, S. The Everything Public Speaking Book Avon: Adams Media, 2008.
Kate Le Page - Kate Henning-Le Page writes about eating disorders, body image and recovery issues. She specializes in anorexia recovery.
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