Perfectionism is a very common problem and is most prevalent among eating disorders patients, particularly affecting those suffering from Anorexia Nervosa. In today's society there is an ever-increasing amount of pressure placed upon young women to look and be 'perfect.' One is perpetually bombarded by the media through television, movies, fashion magazines, pop stars and the like with this perfect (yet massively doctored) totally unattainable, false image of beauty. Key areas to be explored are listed below.
- Defining perfectionism
- Dangers of perfectionism
- Skills to challenge perfectionism
What is Perfectionism?
Perfectionism is in short, merely an illusion because if it were a reality then it actually wouldn't be perfect; this is what makes it such an insane desire to achieve something that is not real. It is basically a never-ending quest that is often media-driven and extremely unhealthy. Other possible factors include sibling rivalry, inferiority, competitive environments and over-critical parenting. It is also recognised that those suffering anxiety may be naturally more likely to be drawn to perfectionism because it provides the illusion of control. In fact it is perfectionism that causes a great deal of anxiety itself.
Dangers of Perfectionism - Depression, Anorexia
Perfectionism is incredibly damaging and unhealthy especially to young women and can drastically effect body image and lead to serious depression. The quest for the perfect body which doesn't exist can eventually prove fatal in the case of severe, treatment resistant anorexia. Desire for perfection can destroy relationships as living with a perfectionist can be incredibly stressful and it sets one up for frustration and failure. In short, perfectionism is very self-limiting and can rob the individual of pleasure or enjoyment that they would otherwise have received from life.
How can Perfectionism be Challenged with CBT Skills?
The most important thing is to accept that perfectionism is something very common and one can begin to first identify perfectionistic views/beliefs in order to begin adjusting them and replacing them with more flexible, healthier alternatives.
Key strategies or CBT techniques used to challenge perfectionism include: pros and cons list (what are the advantages/disadvantages of such beliefs/thoughts), surveying others (identifying/assessing why others hold different views to yours), experiments (learn to accept things at 90% rather than 100%), use affirmations such as 'I am good enough already,' spend time with people who are flexible and observe/learn from the way they cope with life. Disorders where perfectionism is usually a problem, include eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia.
Sources:
Edelman, S. (2002) Change Your Thinking Cambridge: Marlow & Co.
Freeman, C. (2002) Overcoming Anorexia Nervosa London: Constable Robinson
Wilding, C. & Milne, A. (2008) Teach Yourself CBT London: Hodder Education
Kate Le Page - Kate Henning-Le Page writes about eating disorders, body image and recovery issues. She specializes in anorexia recovery.
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